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Abstract. In a controlled experiment, Salix matsudana plants were subjected to uniform nonshading (F-S), partial shading (P-S) and uniform shading (U-S). The shoots of the plants in the F-S and U-S treatments were referred to as H-H and L-L, respectively. The plants in the P-S treatment had two kinds of shoots: (1) shoots under the nonshading treatment that were connected to others under the shading...
Abstract. The main objective of this paper is to present the results of a study of the interactions between the growth and design of a tree with regards to biomechanical factors at the plant level. A numerical incremental model dedicated to the calculation of tree mechanical behaviour has been integrated in the plant architecture simulation software AMAPpara. At any stage of tree growth, a new equilibrium...
Abstract. Mangrove partitioning and storage of macronutrients and trace metals were examined in different arid coastal settings of Western Australia. Total living biomass in three Rhizophora stylosa forests, which ranged from 233 to 289 t DW ha1, was significantly greater than biomass in three Avicennia marina forests (range: 79155 t DW ha1). Although prop roots and stems were the largest single tree...
Abstract. Spiral grain angle in Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) seedlings was investigated in relation to growth rate, endogenous and applied ethylene. Trees from stands of Norway spruce, which were irrigated and fertilised in order to enhance growth, and trees having different growth rates in non-treated stands were studied. Stem growth rate at the stand level (m3...
Abstract. Wood material for at least 12 larch trees at six sites [Larix sibirica Ldb, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr, Larix cajanderi Mayr] near the northern timberline in Siberia was analyzed to investigate influence of climatic factor changes on tree-ring growth at high latitudes. Tree-ring cell size, maximum latewood density and ring width measured by means of image analysis and X-ray radiodensitometry...
Abstract. The young and expanded leaf micromorphology and ultrastructure of Eucalyptus grandis E. urophylla juvenile plants, cultivated in greenhouse and field conditions, were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In greenhouse leaves epicuticular wax needles covered the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. On the adaxial surface, the needles form an atypical arrangement in lines, mainly...
Abstract. This paper is the first of a series focusing on the biomechanical analysis of live trees. The finite element method (fem) is the most common method used for the analysis of complex mechanical structures. Several fem industrial codes exist, but they need to be adapted to calculate the mechanical behaviour of growing trees. A general incremental model has been developed for this specific application...
Abstract. Comparative ecophysiological studies by measurements of photosystem II chlorophyll a fluorescence, porometry and stable isotope analyses were performed on regrowth of trees in a plantation of Eucalyptus saligna in Ethiopia. In the Shashemene-Munessa State Forest of the eastern escarpment of the Great Rift Valley, young plants of E. saligna and the native tree Podocarpus falcatus were compared...
Abstract. It is generally thought that carbon-limited conifers with low priority stem growth investment will suffer significantly reduced wood formation following defoliation by insects, as long as resource sinks (apical buds and young needles) are unaffected compared to sources (mature needles). We examined the long-term consequences of periodic defoliation by a moth (Bupalus piniaria L.) on the...
Abstract. Three 10-year-old spruces were excavated with their root balls from a typical rhyolite site in the eastern Erzgebirge. The trees were fumigated for 6months in a plant growth chamber with an average of 92 ppbv SO2. Trees of similar age from the same site served as control. The accumulation of SO42 and counter cations in vacuoles of the mesophyll and endodermis cells of spruce needles Picea...
Abstract. The state of knowledge concerning the influences of tree size, xylem dysfunction, growth conditions and within-species and between species genetics is reviewed. It is concluded that high plant hydraulic conductance is necessary for high productivity in forest trees, and this being the case, the implications for commercial forestry require further study.
Abstract. High-frequency variation of Norway spruce radial increment [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and its dependence on various climatic variables was compared in stands across latitudinal and altitudinal transects in southwestern and eastern Germany, Norway, and Finland. The tested variables included local temperature and precipitation, northern hemisphere temperature anomalies, and the climatic teleconnection...
Abstract. Do branchlets within a branch have autonomous water supplies, or do they share a common water supply system? We hypothesized that if branchlets shared a common water supply, then stomatal conductance (gs) on sunlit foliage would increase with reduced transpiration of competing foliage on the branch. We reduced transpiration of other foliage on the branch through bagging and shading, and...
Abstract. The patterns of resource translocation among interconnected ramets within a clone may show diversity. In order to understand the pattern of inter-ramet water translocation in natural clones of the rhizomatous shrub Hedysarum laeve (Leguminosae), which frequently dominates inland dunes in semi-arid areas of China, acid fuchsin dye application combined with spectrometric analysis was employed...
Abstract. Woody plants in the temperate and boreal zone undergo annual cycle of growth and dormancy under seasonal changes. Growth cessation and dormancy induction in autumn are prerequisites for the development of substantial cold hardiness in winter. During evolution, woody plants have developed different ecotypes that are closely adapted to the local climatic conditions. In this study, we employed...
Abstract. Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus petraea in response to several ecological conditions has been studied extensively, although not explicitly in the context of within- and among-tree variation. This study examined leaf morphology and anatomy of Q. petraea, growing in five natural Italian populations adapted to different ecological environments, to understand the pattern of within- and...
Abstract. Short-term N uptake by Norway spruce roots was investigated after tracer application both in the field and in the laboratory. In the forest the influence of wood ash or liquid fertiliser treatments on the uptake was studied. A rapid uptake of the 15NH415NO3 tracer into the fine roots was observed. Within 1day of application about 50% of the maximum 15N value observed was measured and within...
Abstract. Post-storage gas exchange parameters like CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency and intercellular CO2 concentrations, together with several chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters: Fo, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fm/Fo and Fv/Fo were examined in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) seedlings that were stored for 1, 8 or 15days at 4 or 10C with or without soil around the...
Abstract. Poplars (Populus spp.) have a particular petiole morphology that enhances leaf flutter even in light winds. Previous studies have shown that this trait enhances whole canopy carbon gain through changes in the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of light in the lower canopy. However, less is known about the effects of flutter for leaves at the top of the canopy ("sun leaves")...
Abstract. Photosynthetic induction was followed in a juvenile understorey beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in a shaded habitat which was temporarily exposed to direct sunlight passing through a gap in the canopy. Simultaneous in situ measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were carried out and a steady-state light response curve of photosynthesis was recorded. The measured dynamic...
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